Hallux varus

It is medial deviation of big of big toe from the midline of foot. Hallux varus Causes: o   Congenital o   Trauma ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; o   Sometime Bunion surgery (swelling of joint between great toe and 1st metatarso - pharyngeal joint) Clinical features: o   Deformity o   Pain o   Decrease ROM o   Problems with shoe wear ch_client...

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Genu Valgum

It is also called knock knees. It is a condition in which the knee angle is in and they touch each other when the legs are straightened. Females have a wider pelvis than males and relatively shorter length of thigh bone and as a result have a greater static genu valgum than men. Individuals with severe Valgus deformity are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs. Valgus actually mean bent outwards. But here the distal portion bends outwards and the proximal portion seems bend inwards. Causes:          i.           ...

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Genu vara

It is also called bow legs. There is a medical angulation of leg in relation to thigh. There is outward curvature of femur and up to the age of 3 – 4 years children have a degree of varus normally. ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; Causes: 1.       Rickets 2.       Infections 3.       Tumor 4.       Trauma Genu...

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Proximal Femoral deficiency

Basically there is proximal femoral deficiency, the proximal femur is partially absent and the entire limb is shortened. Frequency: Incidence ranges from one case per fifty thousand to one case per two Lac populations. ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; Etiology: ·         No exact known cause ·         Injury to neural crest cells (embryonic cells...

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Coxa valga

Normally the angle between the head of femur and shaft is 120° - 135°. An angle above 135° is coxa valga. Causes: 1)      Skeletal disease (Osteomyelitis, Paget’s disease, Osteogenesis Imperfecta) 2)      Spasticity of adductor muscles of hip ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; 3)      Cerebral palsy (a disorder of movement and or posture as a result of...

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Coxa vara

Normally the angle between the head of femur and shaft is 120° - 135°. An angle below 120° is coxa vara. Causes: 1)   Trauma 2)   Congenital ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; 3)      Paget’s disease (also known as osteitis deformans ,a chronic disease of bones, occurring in the elderly and most frequently affecting the skull, backbone, pelvis, and long bones. There is 1% risk to...

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Intoeing

In this condition the front half of the foot is deviated inwards contrary to Talipes Equinovarus which is deviation at the ankle. In this condition the ankle is spared. Intoeing between the ages of one and two ears is usually a result of an abnormal in alignment of upper (thigh) and lower leg. While Intoeing developing around 18 months may be the result of abnormality in pelvis and hip. Intoeing Causes of intoeing: ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg...

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Talipes Equinovarus (Clubbed foot)

It is a congenital deformity involving one or both feet. The affected foot appears rotated internally at ankle. The person appears to walk on their ankles. Approximately 50% are bilateral. It occurs commonly in female i.e. 2:1 ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; Causes: ·         Edward syndrome (extra chromosome on 13 number) ·         Ehlers danlos...

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Neural tube defects

It is an embryonic tissue which covers the brain and spinal cord. The defect in neural tube can involve the cranial (cephalic) or the caudal end. It can be mild, moderate or severe. Anencephaly:                 When the head (cephalic) end fails to close resulting in absence of major portion of brain and skull is called anencephaly. Infants born with this condition are usually blind, deaf and unconscious. They die within few hours and days after birth. Encephalocele: Sac like protrusion of brain through opening in skull is called encephalocele. ch_client...

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Sprengel's deformity

A developmental abnormality in which the scapula doesn’t descend to its proper position or a high lying shoulder blade is called sprengel's deformity. In the intrauterine life it is lying in the cervical region then it descends. The associated muscles may be weak (trapezius, rhomboid muscles etc). Sprengel's deformity Presentation: ·         Shoulder asymmetry ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; ·        ...

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Scoliosis

In this condition the spinal cord look C – shape. Causes: 1.       Idiopathic 2.       Genetic factor play important role ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; Clinical features: ·         Uneven musculature on affected side ·         Prominent shoulder blade ·        ...

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Flat feet (Pes Planus)(Fallen Arch):

The arch of the foot collapses, the entire sole coming into complete or near complete contact with ground. In 20 – 30 % of the population, the arch never develops unilaterally or bilaterally. Children usually have flat feet but as they grow it will correct by itself. Management: ·         Most of the cases don’t require treatment ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; ·        ...

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Torticollis

Involuntary contraction of neck leading to abnormal posture and movement of head is called Torticollis. It is not a diagnosis but a sign of underlying disorder. Causes: 1.       Congenital ch_client = "aftabphysio"; ch_width = 550; ch_height = 250; ch_type = "mpu"; ch_sid = "Chitika Default"; ch_color_site_link = "0000CC"; ch_color_title = "0000CC"; ch_color_border = "FFFFFF"; ch_color_text = "000000"; ch_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; 2.       Acquired 1.      Congenital: ·         Trauma (by birth) to sternocleiodomastoid ·        ...

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