Umbilical hernia/ Paraumbilical hernia/ Supraumbilical hernia/ Infraumbilical hernia

It is protrusion of hernial sac through the umbilicus.

Or

It can occur above or below the umbilicus through the linea alba.

This hernia is common in female, specially obese and multiparous women.

Predisposing factors:

o   Chronic cough

o   Intra abdominal malignancy

Clinical features:

o   There is midline swelling usually

o   The contents can be Omentum, Intestine/ fat.

o   Obstruction of contents (intestine) can occur may lead to vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation.

Diagnoses:

History, examination (clinical)

Management:

Hernioraphy:

The contents are separated from the hernial sac, they are reduced, the excess part of the sac is excised, and the remaining layers are repaired.

Hernioplasty:

Sometimes a prosthetic material (prophylene) mesh is used this is called hernioplasty.