Muscles connecting Upper Limb to the Thorax
Insertion: It inserts at the coracoid process of the scapula.
Function: Depression of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Medial Pectoral Nerve from Brachial Plexus
Origin: It originates from the superior border of the 1st rib.
Insertion: It inserts at the clavicle.
Function: Depression of the clavicle.
Nerve Supply: Nerve to subclavius from Upper Trunk of Brachial Plexus
Origin: It originates from the 1st eight ribs.
Insertion: It inserts at the medial border of the scapula.
Function: Upward, downward and medial rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Long Thoracic Nerve
Muscles connecting Scapula to the Vertebral Column
Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion process.
Function: Elevation, depression rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Accessory nerve and C3 and C4
Insertion: Floor of bicipital groove of Humerus.
Function: Extention, Adduction and Medial rotation of the arm.
Nerve Supply: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Insertion: It inserts at the medial upper border of the scapula.
Function: It elevates the scapula.
Nerve Supply: C3,C4 and Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Origin: It originates from the spinous processes of the 7th and T1 vertebrae.
Insertion: It inserts on the superior medial border of the scapula.
Function: Elevation and medial rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Insertion: It inserts on the medial lower border of the scapula.
Function: Elevation and medial rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Muscles connecting Scapula to the Humerus
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve
Insertion: It inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus.
Function: Medial rotation of the arm and staabilization of the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Upper and Lower subscapular Nerves
Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve
Insertion: It inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
Function: The anterior fibers flex, middle fibers abduct and posterior fibers extend the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve
Muscles of the Arm
Insertion: It inserts on the medial third of the humerus.
Function: Flexion of the arm.
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Insertion: It inserts on the coronoid processs of the ulna.
Function: Flexion of the elbow joint and supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Function: Flexion of the elbow joint and supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
lateral side above the radial groove.
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna.
Function: Extention of the elbow joint.
Nerve Supply: Radial Nerve
Muscles of the Forearm
A. Anterior Surface of Forearm (flexors primarily)
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis: flexes wrist and abducts hand
c. Palmaris Longus:
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: flexes wrist and adducts hand
(MP=metacarpal-phalangeal PIP=proximal interphalangeal)
b. Flexor Pollicis Longus:
c. Pronator quadratus:
Innervation of Anterior compartment muscles: All the muscles are suplied by the Median nerve and its branches except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
B. Lateral Surface of Forearm
a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: extends wrist and abducts hand
b. Brachioradialis:
Nerve Supply to Lateral compartment muscles: Radial Nerve
C. Posterior Surface of Forearm (extensors primarily)
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
c. Extensor Digitorum: extends wrist and extends digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints
d. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris:
e. Extensor digiti minimi:
b. Abductor Pollicis Longus:
c. Extensor Pollicis Longus: extends thumb
d. Extensor Pollicis brevis:
e. Extensor indicis:
Innervation to Posterior compartment muscles: Deep branch of radial nerve.
Selected Muscles
Insertion: Base of styloid process of radius.
Function: Flexion of the forearm at elbow joint.
Innervation: Radial Nerve
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Lateral surface of olecranon process of ulna.
Function: Extention of elbow joint.
Nerve Supply: Deep branch of Radial Nerve
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Neck and shaft of radius.
Function: Supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Deep branch of Radial Nerve
Insertion: Lateral aspect of shaft of radius.
Function: Pronation and flexion of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Median Nerve
Insertion: Anterior surface of shaft of radius.
Function: Pronation of forearm.
Nerve Supply: Median Nerve
HAND MUSCLES
A. Thenar muscles: move the thumb:
Short muscles of thumb innervated by Median Nerve except adductor pollicis, which is by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
B. Hypothenar muscles:
Short Muscles of Little Finger are innervated by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
C. Midpalmar muscles
1. All of these muscles flex the MP joints and extend the PIP/DIP joints
a. Lumbricales: (4)
First two (lateral) are innervated by Median Nerve and third and fourth by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
b. Palmar Interossei: (4) :
Innervated by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve
c. Dorsal Interossei: (4) :
Innervated by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve
- Pectoralis Major Muscle
Origin: It originates from the medial third of the clavicle, sternum and upper six costal cartilages.
Insertion: It inserts at the lateral lip of bicipital groove of the humerus.
Function: Abduction and medial rotation of the arm.
Function: Abduction and medial rotation of the arm.
Nerve Supply: Medial and Lateral pectoral Nerves from Brachial Plexus
- Pectoralis Minor Muscle
Insertion: It inserts at the coracoid process of the scapula.
Function: Depression of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Medial Pectoral Nerve from Brachial Plexus
- Subclavius Muscle
Insertion: It inserts at the clavicle.
Function: Depression of the clavicle.
Nerve Supply: Nerve to subclavius from Upper Trunk of Brachial Plexus
- Serratus Anterior Muscle
Insertion: It inserts at the medial border of the scapula.
Function: Upward, downward and medial rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Long Thoracic Nerve
Muscles connecting Scapula to the Vertebral Column
- Trapezius Muscle
Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion process.
Function: Elevation, depression rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Accessory nerve and C3 and C4
- Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
Insertion: Floor of bicipital groove of Humerus.
Function: Extention, Adduction and Medial rotation of the arm.
Nerve Supply: Thoracodorsal Nerve
- Levator Scapulae Muscle
Insertion: It inserts at the medial upper border of the scapula.
Function: It elevates the scapula.
Nerve Supply: C3,C4 and Dorsal Scapular Nerve
- Rhomboid Minor Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the superior medial border of the scapula.
Function: Elevation and medial rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
- Rhomboid Major Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the medial lower border of the scapula.
Function: Elevation and medial rotation of the scapula.
Nerve Supply: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Muscles connecting Scapula to the Humerus
- Supra spinatus Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus.
Function: Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint.
Function: Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve
- Infra spinatus Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the greater tuberosity of the humerus.
Function: Lateral rotation of the arm and stabilization of the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve
- Sub scapularis Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus.
Function: Medial rotation of the arm and staabilization of the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Upper and Lower subscapular Nerves
- Teres Minor Muscle
Function: Lateral rotation of the arm.
Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve
- Teres Major Muscle
Origin: It originates from the inferior lateral border of the scapula.
Insertion: It inserts on the medial lip of bicipital groove.
Function: Medial rotation of the arm and stabilization of the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Lower Subscapular Nerve
Nerve Supply: Lower Subscapular Nerve
- Deltoid Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
Function: The anterior fibers flex, middle fibers abduct and posterior fibers extend the shoulder joint.
Nerve Supply: Axillary Nerve
- Coracobrachialis Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the medial third of the humerus.
Function: Flexion of the arm.
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Brachialis Muscle
Insertion: It inserts on the coronoid processs of the ulna.
Function: Flexion of the elbow joint and supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Bicep Brachii Muscle
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Function: Flexion of the elbow joint and supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Tricep Brachii Muscle
lateral side above the radial groove.
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna.
Function: Extention of the elbow joint.
Nerve Supply: Radial Nerve
Muscles of the Forearm
A. Anterior Surface of Forearm (flexors primarily)
- 1. Superficial Group
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis: flexes wrist and abducts hand
c. Palmaris Longus:
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: flexes wrist and adducts hand
- 2. Intermediate Group
(MP=metacarpal-phalangeal PIP=proximal interphalangeal)
- 3. Deep Group
b. Flexor Pollicis Longus:
c. Pronator quadratus:
Innervation of Anterior compartment muscles: All the muscles are suplied by the Median nerve and its branches except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus, which are supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
B. Lateral Surface of Forearm
a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: extends wrist and abducts hand
b. Brachioradialis:
Nerve Supply to Lateral compartment muscles: Radial Nerve
C. Posterior Surface of Forearm (extensors primarily)
- 1. Superficial Group
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
c. Extensor Digitorum: extends wrist and extends digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints
d. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris:
e. Extensor digiti minimi:
- 2. Deep Group
b. Abductor Pollicis Longus:
c. Extensor Pollicis Longus: extends thumb
d. Extensor Pollicis brevis:
e. Extensor indicis:
Innervation to Posterior compartment muscles: Deep branch of radial nerve.
Selected Muscles
- Brachioradialis Muscle
Insertion: Base of styloid process of radius.
Function: Flexion of the forearm at elbow joint.
Innervation: Radial Nerve
- Anconeus Muscle
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Lateral surface of olecranon process of ulna.
Function: Extention of elbow joint.
Nerve Supply: Deep branch of Radial Nerve
- Supinator Muscle
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Neck and shaft of radius.
Function: Supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Deep branch of Radial Nerve
- Pronator Teres Muscle
Insertion: Lateral aspect of shaft of radius.
Function: Pronation and flexion of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Median Nerve
- Pronator Quadratus Muscle
Insertion: Anterior surface of shaft of radius.
Function: Pronation of forearm.
Nerve Supply: Median Nerve
HAND MUSCLES
A. Thenar muscles: move the thumb:
Short muscles of thumb innervated by Median Nerve except adductor pollicis, which is by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
B. Hypothenar muscles:
Short Muscles of Little Finger are innervated by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
1. All of these muscles flex the MP joints and extend the PIP/DIP joints
a. Lumbricales: (4)
First two (lateral) are innervated by Median Nerve and third and fourth by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve.
b. Palmar Interossei: (4) :
Innervated by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve
c. Dorsal Interossei: (4) :
Innervated by deep branch of Ulnar Nerve
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